In Italy, international students who have completed their studies have several options for obtaining a work permit, permanent residency/settlement, and eventually citizenship. Here are some common paths:

1. Work Permit: If you find a job offer in Italy after completing your studies, your prospective employer can assist you in obtaining a work permit. The employer needs to demonstrate that there are no suitable candidates from within Italy or the European Union (EU) for the position. The specific requirements and procedures for work permits vary based on factors such as your qualifications, the job market, and your country of origin.

2. Self-Employment: If you wish to establish your own business in Italy, you can explore the option of self-employment. You will need to develop a viable business plan and meet certain requirements set by the Italian authorities. Successful entrepreneurs can obtain a work permit and eventually apply for permanent residency.

3. Elective Residence Visa: If you have sufficient financial means and wish to reside in Italy without engaging in employment, you can apply for an Elective Residence Visa. This visa is designed for individuals who can support themselves financially and contribute to the local economy. The specific requirements and conditions for the Elective Residence Visa are determined by the Italian authorities.

4. Family Reunification: If you have a spouse or partner who is an Italian citizen or holds a permanent residence permit in Italy, you may be eligible to apply for a residence permit based on family reunification. This option allows you to join your family member in Italy and potentially obtain a work permit.

5. Long-Term Residence Permit: After residing in Italy continuously for a specific period (usually five years), you may be eligible to apply for a long-term residence permit. This permit grants you long-term residency and allows you to work and live in Italy without any time restrictions.

6. Italian Citizenship: Obtaining Italian citizenship generally requires residing in Italy for a specific period (usually ten years, reduced to four or five years under certain circumstances), demonstrating proficiency in the Italian language, meeting integration requirements, and fulfilling other criteria set by the Italian government.